Transfer, Valuation and Disputes over Inherited Company Shares in Iran

An estate may include registered shares in a joint-stock company, an ownership quota in a limited-liability company, an interest in a partnership or a claim connected with a business. These interests are not interchangeable. The company form, constitutional documents, shareholder register, capital records and the deceased's actual ownership must be identified before the heir's rights can be implemented.

The succession certificate establishes the recognized heirs and their shares in the estate, while tax and company documents govern the next stage. Article 34 of the Direct Taxation Act restricts companies from registering or transferring a deceased person's shares or ownership interest to heirs or legatees before the relevant inheritance-tax certificate is obtained. The applicable valuation and tax process depends on the company and asset category.

Inheritance does not automatically place every heir in management or give immediate access to company accounts. Voting, board appointment, inspection, dividends and transfer formalities depend on the governing company law and corporate documents. Existing pledges, shareholder agreements, nominee allegations, capital increases or prior transfers can create separate disputes.

An heir abroad may authorize counsel to obtain records, attend meetings or pursue proceedings, but authority to sell, vote, settle, receive dividends or sign registry documents should be stated precisely. A valuation or buyout should address the valuation date, financial information, liabilities, minority position and payment protections rather than rely only on nominal share value.